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Relative Truth or Absolute Truth?
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This 5 page report discusses some of the thinking regarding whether truth is a relative or an absolute concept. Philosophy, in general, revolves around the fervent desire to determine what truth is. Whether or not the discussion is related to government or religion, morality or the act of being, it still is an effort to define what is or is not true. This paper looks at the ideas of some well-known philosophers in terms of whether or not they viewed truth as relative or absolute. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWtruth.wps

Religious Prejudice and Bias: Shapers of Major World Events
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A 7 page discussion of the influence of religious prejudice and bias as an underlying theme of such apparently unrelated events as: a)The Transition From Sect to Established Religion, b)European Expansion and Medieval Christianity, c)Reform and Global Expansion, d)Modern Christianity & Pluralism, and e)Modern Christianity & Secularization. Discusses the evolution of religion and culture and that evolution's relation to world events, especially the dominance of just a few religion over others. Provides extensive examples from Christianity to conclude that the common theme underlying many of the major events which have shaped the world is prejudice and bias, a theme which has remained constant from the very beginnings of civilization to the events which we see unfolding around us today. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPcultPr.wps

Rene Descartes and Reality
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This 5 page report discusses Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and his philosophy regarding reality. While he is most famous for his cognito “I think, therefore I am,” that proclamation is less than an accurate or meaningful statement as it relates to the reality of what Descartes believed to be the existence of humanity. Descartes’ “The Meditations” was published in Paris in 1641 and has come to generally be viewed as the most important of all of Descartes’ works. It is in “The Meditations” that he best presents his metaphysical and epistemological premises in their entirety. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: BWrealds.wps

Rene Descartes and the Existence of God
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This 5 page report discusses Rene Descartes’ “Meditations” (published in 1641) and emphasizing his work on the First Philosophy. Descartes considers the problems of the sources and nature of knowledge; the validity of truth; the nature and destiny of man; the existence of God, as well as the creation of the universe. His systematic doubt along with the presupposition of a powerful, evil, and most importantly, deceiving spirit, are revealed by Descartes in his “First Meditation.” No other sources.
Filename: BWdesgod.wps

Rene Descartes and “Meditations on First Philosophy”
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This 4 page report discusses Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and his three arguments for doubt as presented in “Meditations on First Philosophy.” No secondary sources.
Filename: BWdesmed.wps

Rockaby: Explanation in the Perspectives of Heidegger and Descartes
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A 5 page discussion of the philosophical implications of Samuel Beckett's short story "Rockaby", the story of a senile woman in a rocking chair who reminisces on her life as she rocks herself to death. Examines the twentieth century philosophies of William Heidegger and the seventeenth century philosophies of Descartes in relation to Beckett's own philosophies. No additional sources are listed. PProckab.wps
Filename: PProckab.wps

Roland Barthes: The Death of the Author
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(10 pp) French theorist and social critic, Roland Barthes (1915 - 1980) took his information from the areas of sociology, anthropology, psychoanalysis, and linguistics. He believed that language is more than just words or texts, but rather a system of signs, which reflect the society and its given place in time. This study of "signs" is labeled semiology. What Barthes means by "The Death of the Author" is discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Bbbarths.doc

Ronald Dworkin And John Rawls
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A 6 page paper. Dworkin disagrees with Rawls on a number of issues. This essay discusses some of the points that seem to be in disagreement and presents Dworkin's opinions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGdwra.wps

Rousseau And Legislation
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5 pages in length. Within the realm of life exists inherent elements to one's existence; paramount to man's existence is the concept of natural rights. Philosophers have long postulated what, exactly, these rights consist of within the massive scope of mortality, with some contending that natural rights are those that are without social infiltration, while others attest to the fact that natural rights are doled out only by social status. Jean Jacques Rousseau's stance upon legislation mirrored many other philosophers throughout history, contending that the quest for common good might not always be the best resolution for all concerned. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCrusso.wps

Rousseau and Marx Compared
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts theories of Jean Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx. Their ideas about the nature of man, government, religion and God are discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA118M&R.doc

Rousseau and Schiller: Human Nature
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A 6 page paper which discusses what Rousseau and Schiller thought in regards to human nature. The paper discusses how it was they believed as they did and how they make use of their particular understanding. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RArouschi.wps

Rousseau, Burke And Tocqueville: Political Ideology, Society And Individualism
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6 pages in length. Alexis de Tocqueville analyzed the pitfalls of individualism when he wrote Democracy in America, while Edmund Burke, in Reflections of the French Revolution, condemned diversity, nonconformity and individualism. Jean Jacques Rousseau critiqued community value within the literary boundaries of his Basic Political Writings. Is there such a thing as too much individualism? Does a community have rights? Do the rights of the individual outweigh those of the community? Clearly, the notion of political ideology delves much deeper within the very essence of society than many people realize. No additional sources cited.
Filename: TLCpolid.wps

Rousseau: General Will
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A 6 page paper that discusses Rousseau's concept of General Will and the common good. The writer discusses the concepts found in Rousseau's Discourse On Origins Of Inequality and the Social Contract demonstrating that despite a lack of clarification on some concepts, Rousseau's tenet that adhering to the General Will for the common good actually provides the individual with as much or more freedom than natural freedom. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGrous.wps

Rousseau’s View on Knowledge and Its Applicability to Education
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This 5 page paper takes a look at philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau’s ideas about knowledge and learning and how they may be applied to education today. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA106Rou.wps

Sartre and Human Nature
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A 5 page paper arguing against Sartre's logic in his existentialist beliefs. Most of the hard-core existentialists are unforgiving in their views, even Sartre who today could be labeled ADDH in that he was unable to control his own mind and body well into adulthood. According to his theories, the failing must have been one of his own making. The paper examines Sartre's ideas of personal freedom and responsibility, finding only contradictions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSsartre.wps

Sartre And Man's Futile Passion To Be God
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5 pages in length. Jean Paul Sartre's existentialist views are wrapped up in the notion that humanity is its own opposing force. To be unique within a world of sameness is a quest sought by many people; however, it is by way of such an objective that one becomes labeled as selfish and intolerant of commonly accepted methods. This negative connotation of individualism – which is to maintain an independence from the norm – has cast an even darker meaning upon striving to achieve one's own distinctiveness, a quest that Sartre believed to reflect mankind's futile passion to be God. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCsartr.wps

Sartre and Moral Certainty
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A 5 page paper that provides an overview of Sartre's existential beliefs in regards to moral certainty. Sartre attacks moral certainty based on his belief that each man is solely responsible for his own actions, and therefore, any collective determinant of morality would not exist. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Sartcert.wps

Scientific And Philosophic Explanation Of The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake
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5 pages in length. Science and philosophy do not make the best bedfellows, however, when the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 set off a series of natural disasters, the two very distinct and often contrary entities came together as a means by which to offer explanation. Nearly leveled to the ground almost two-and-a-half centuries ago, Lisbon was thought by many theologians to be paying for a significant spiritual debt, while the scientific community took a decidedly more logical approach to explanation. Among those who spoke for the philosophical community, Kant, Voltaire and Rousseau were instrumental in engaging in esoteric rationalization; Tobias Mayer, German mathematician Johann Friedrich Jacobi, Johann Gottlob Krüger and John Michell all took the side of irrefutable objective reasoning. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLClisbn.wps

Scientific Method
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A 4 page paper examining different aspects of scientific methods as illustrated in the book 'Science and Its Ways of Knowing,' edited by ** and the work by Richard Pirsig, 'On Scientific Method.' Each of the works illustrates that science is a very complicated and creative world of discovery. It takes an open and artistic mind to truly understand all of the possibilities that exist within any investigation or experiment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAmethod.wps

Self and Society: Benjamin Franklin
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An 11 page paper which discusses the nature of the relationship between self and society as perceived by Benjamin Franklin in his autobiography, as well as others of his particular time period such as Thoreau, Locke, Machiavelli, and Hobbes. The paper also addresses the conditions of the country at the time of Benjamin Franklin which would perhaps call for such a connection, or perspective, concerning self and society. Bibliography lists 6 additional sources.
Filename: RAbenfrank.wps

Self-Interest in Politics
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An 8 page paper which discusses how all human beings are prone to involve themselves in life looking out for their own interests. Self-interest, from this perspective, seems almost inherent, and thus is clearly related to politics, where self-interest is very much a part of any policy. In discussing the self-interest of mankind and of politics, the paper discusses some of the ideas of Locke, Hobbes, and Machiavelli. The paper also discusses some international policies, further supporting the notion that human beings are concerned with self-interest, even on a large scale. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAselfint.wps

Sexual Equality And Rousseau
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The writings of Rousseau form a significant component of the political philosophies that have guided the establishment and form of government in the United States. This 6 page paper argues that Rousseau's discourse on inequality can be seen to presents the argument that the point of the Rosseau's treatese is that many of the norms that were necesary for the perpetuation of humankind in the natural state have been carried over into civil society where they are inappropriate and disrupptive. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: KTsexros

Simone Weil / Thoughts on Affliction
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This 6 page paper examines the book, "Waiting for God" by Simone Weil by addressing the philosophical implications of affliction. The meaning of affliction is absence. The existence of a thing predetermines the absence of the same. There are three major areas where the nature of affliction is exhibited: The realm of the spiritual, physical. No additional source cited.
Filename: Simonew.wps

Simone Weil's 'Waiting for God' / Thoughts on Affliction
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This 6 page paper examines the book, "Waiting for God" by Simone Weil by addressing the philosophical implications of affliction. The meaning of affliction is absence. The existence of a thing predetermines the absence of the same. There are three major areas where the nature of affliction is exhibited: The realm of the spiritual, physical (biological affliction and social affliction. Bibliography lists 1 source
Filename: Sweil.wps

SOCRATES - Pursuit and Improvement of the soul:
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(3pp) Socrates could understand the difference between the visible world and the intellectual world and believe that the mind is the cause of all things. He also believed that to truly know what is good is to do it, without separating ideas and knowledge from the lives and actions of people.
Filename: BBsocpi.doc.

Socrates, Meet Matthew Fox.
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This 3 page paper explores the positions of two philosophers of radically different time periods: Socrates (c469-399-BC) and twentieth century, philosopher and theologian Matthex Fox. Anyone who wants to contemplate the nature of things - spiritual or worldly - needs to realize that there are times when one will be forced to act upon their convictions. Both of our 'spiritualists' thousands of years apart realized this. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBsomatt.doc

Soren Kierkegaard and Epictetus;
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This 5 page paper looks to the ideas of these men and compares and contrasts aspects of these ideas such as faith and despair, selfhood and personal development. The paper cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEkirkep.wps

Stendhal; Society and Culture
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This 5 page paper considers the book by Marie-Henri Beyle who had the pseudonym of Stendhal and the book 'De l'Amour' or 'love'. In looking at this text the paper discuses how the society and culture of the time was seen by Stendhal, and argues he though that it was based in interaction between individual and on the ability to accept illusion. The bibliography cites 1 source.
Filename: TEstendal.wps

Stephen Toulmin's Contribution to Rhetoric Theory
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of the application of Stephe Toulmin's principles and their application to the development of rhetoric theory. This paper considers his methods and the uses of his argumentaiton and also considers the prior societal events that led to his theory. This paper includes a view of past theorists who influenced Toulmin. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MHrheTou.wps

Strong and Weak Theories in Philosophy
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This 6 page paper supports the notion that while some philosophers have profound theories, some of them are weak. Others however are very strong and permeate time barriers as well. Aristotle's virtue and Mill's utilitarianism are each examined. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA116phl.doc

Styles of Syllogistic Decision-Making and Elements of a Moral Argument
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This 6 page report discusses issues associated with moral and syllogistic decision making based on specific resources. The premise of the report is that it is valuable to understand what constitutes the most basic principles of decision making and how that then relates to the elements of a moral argument. Argumentation may exist in terms of a variety of syllogistic frameworks that then lead to a greater ability to understand the underlying principles of a debate and provide the best possible basis for making a moral decision. Consequentialist and nonconsequentialist thinking and thinkers are also briefly discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWsyllog.wps

Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali
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A 6 page critical review of the story by D.T. Niane. Briefly relates this age-old story from Western Africa. Emphasizes that this brief story manages to incorporate many critical aspects of culture, of conflict, and even of sorcery and magic. It is a story of friendship, of interpersonal relationships and a story of destiny. It is also a story, however, which provides an interesting basis for the question of whether an individual is responsible for their own destiny. In "Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali" we have a situation in which oral tradition proves to be a ready target for a contemporary theoretic approach to the subject of destiny. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPsundia.wps

Susan Moller Okin And Iris Marion Young: Views On Multiculturalism And Criticism Of Rawls' Social Contract Theory
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6 pages in length. The writer compares and contrasts Okin and Young's criticism of Rawls' social contract theory, as well as discusses Okin and Young's views on multiculturalism as it relates to women. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCrwls.wps

Taine and the British
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This five-page-paper presents an overview of the French Philosopher Hippolyte Taine's viewpoints regarding the British Constitution and politics. Bibliography lists seven sources.
Filename: CWTaine.wps

Teaching Morals in Public School -- The Perspective of Immanuel Kant
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This 5 page report discusses Immanuel Kant’s philosophy in the context of teaching morals through the public education system. The basic foundation of Kant’s critical philosophy is in his reasoning that is based on his examination of human knowledge and forms the basis for an individual theory of the limits of that knowledge. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWkanted.wps

Teleological and Mechanistic World Views
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A 5 page paper which discusses the teleological and mechanistic world views and discusses how the define, or involve, God and/or purpose in life. They are discussed briefly as they involve ontological arguments, and then presented in relationship to how three separate philosophers fit in to one particular view or another. The philosophers are Frankl, Descartes, and Nietzsche. The works discussed are, respectively, "Man's Search for Meaning," "Meditations," and "The Antichrist." No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAteleolog.wps

The Argument of Descartes and Locke and Who Would Bertrand Russell Support
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This 6 page report discusses Rene Descartes’ “Meditations” (published in 1641) and John Locke’s “ “Essay Concerning Human Understanding.” Descartes considers the problems of the sources and nature of knowledge; the validity of truth; the nature and destiny of man; the existence of God, as well as the creation of the universe. Locke carefully reviews the characteristics of the human mind and the course by which it is aware of the world outside and around it. Arguing against the long-established proposition of intrinsic ideas, Locke believed that the mind is born blank, a tabula rasa upon which the world describes itself through the experience of the five senses. Russell clearly held his own opinions as well as stated in “Problems of Philosophy.” Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWdesloc.wps

The Athenian Thesis: Corresponding Observations from Machiavelli and Contemporary Writers
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A 6 page discussion of the Athenian Thesis or Athenian Doctrine. Provides a concise definition of this thesis with the observation that no city is deterred by traditional morality from ruling where it can. Expands on this definition examining the inherent virtues and motivations of Sparta, Athens and even Machiavelli’s quest for his empire. Concludes that the Athenian thesis is indeed a part of a consistent view of the world. Although there would appear to be certain contradictions in this thesis such as the virtuous motivations of Sparta, for example, these contradictions appear to weigh themselves out with time. It becomes apparent on a more thorough consideration of this doctrine that even Sparta, despite her virtuous appearances has common goals with Athens or even Machiavelli. Sparta’s motivations center around the inability to expand safely rather than any superiority of virtue, just as on close inspection so do Machiavelli’s. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPatheni.wps

The Better Path to Happiness and the Connection Between Authority and Freedom in Plato
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This 5 page report discusses two separate questions. First: Does John Stuart Mill or Karl Marx chart a better course toward happiness for the worker? Second: the issue discussed is regarding the connection between authority and freedom in the work of Plato. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWhappy.wps

The Cardinal Virtues and Living a Moral Life
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A 5 page review of the cardinal virtues which are most important in living a moral life. Asserts that these virtues are temperance and justice rather than courage and wisdom for it is temperance and justice that are important in achieving the three critical steps to a moral life. Identifies these steps as the purification which must occur inside, improving the relationships among people, and improving the relationship between man and God. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPvirtue.wps

The Cartesian Circle
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A 5 page paper in which the writer discusses the Cartesian Circle so called because Descartes' propositions about the existence of God appear to be circular. The writer also discusses the truth rule, cogito and skepticism. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGcrtc.wps

The Concept of Happiness: A Comparison of the Views of John Stewart Mill and Aristotle
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A 6 page discussion of the concept of happiness as viewed by John Stewart Mill and Aristotle. Contrasts Mill’s utilitarian theory of happiness, an approach in which the end product is all that is important, with Aristotle’s view that true happiness is attained through a carefully constructed series of acts and that the acts themselves are just as important as the final outcome. Concludes that Aristotle’s approach to happiness is the most feasible of the two even though, as logic tells us and Aristotle fully acknowledged, this approach inherently means that some people will never achieve true happiness. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPhappy.wps

The Concept of Justice as Viewed by Plato, John Stewart Mill, and Immanuel Kant
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A 7 page contention that justice is more than just law, justice is the product of morals and ethics. Utilizes the Platonic model from Plato's Republic, John Stewart Mill's theory of utilitarianism, and Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative of reason to illustrate this contention. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPjustic.wps

The Conflict Between Robert Pirsig and Phaedrus
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This 5 page paper contemplates the real life author Pirsig, and his struggle with mental illness, with the character Phaedrus. The essential differences between the two, and Pirsig's view of humanity are explored. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA110Pir.wps

The Consequences of Regulation
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This 5 page paper takes a look at the outcome of regulation. The subject is approached both politically and philosophically. The subjects of knowledge and politics are explored in relation to the subject at hand. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA107Reg.wps

The Dichotomy of William James as it Relates to Rawls, Du Bois, and de Beauvoir
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This 8 page report discusses William James (1842-1910) and his attempt to create and/or follow a path that would lead between a rationalistic order that was not empirical enough and an empirical system so fundamentally materialistic that it was not possible that it could actually account for the value covenants on which it rested. Other writers dealing with most fundamental aspects of existence -- W.E.B. Du Bois, Simone de Beauvoir, and John Rawls -- wrote about what was essentially their version of the same process. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWdichwj.wps

The Differences of Kant and Hume; Causation
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This 6 page paper looks at the problem of knowledge and the causal relationship. The paper considers the ideas of David Hume, which Immanuel Kant claimed awoke him from his "dogmatic slumber". The development of these ideas by Kant are then considered and compared to those of Hume with a discussion as to which may be seen as the most accurate. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEkanthu.wps

The Eastern Philosophical Influence on a Modern Artist
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This 5 page paper was written in order to express the influences of eastern philosophies on a student artist. The artist uses natural materials that decay over time, and as such the ideas of philosophers such as Dogan and Keiji Nishitani as well as philosophies such as those in Taoism and Zen Buddhism are all discussed in relationship to the impermanence of objects and time, and how they may be used by this individual artist. Other philosophers such as Kant and Heidegger are also used to demonstrate ideas of relativism and impermanence as well as the use of the senses. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEartphl.wps

The Essential Elements Of David Hume's Philosophy
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5 pages in length. The essential elements of David Hume's philosophy revolve around the notion of whether or not one variable truly causes another. Combined with his conjecture on free will and determinism, Hume's theory of causal relationships address the very nature of man's religious existence. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCdavdH.wps

The Evolution of Consciousness
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This 8 page paper considers the work of Daniel Dennett and his book 'Consciousness Explained'. This book gives us a clear indication of how difficult it is to define consciousness and its meaning, By drawing on biological, technological and psychological disciplines many ideas are discussed. This paper looks at the arguments of Dennett regarding the evolution of consciousness, the way they clash with traditional ideas and the merits within the new paradigm. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEconsis.wps

The Extreme Nature of Mill's On Liberty
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This 10 page paper argues that Mill's positions, particularly those from his essay On Liberty are too extreme and that government must cultivate civic virtue. His views on gender are also explored in his The Subjection of Women, which is tied into the overall theme of the essay. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA123lib.rtf

The Fully Saturated Self Becomes No Self At All & "Hunt For Red October"
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In 16 pages the author discuses "The Saturated Self" and "The Hunt for Red October." "The Saturated Self: Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life " by Kenneth J. Gergen is a study of how travel and communications technology has fragmented experience such that one's idea of the self is obsolete. Gergen states that "The fully saturated self becomes no self at all." The movie version of "The Hunt for Red October" is examined while answering the question "To what extent does 'The Hunt for Red October' support Gergen's statement?" No additional sources cited.
Filename: Selfsat.wps

The Future of the Trade Unions in the United Kingdom
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This 16 page paper considers the current and future position of the unions in the United Kingdom. To clarify the current position a brief history is considered in the context of the historical influence and existing perception of the role and stance of the unions. Their changing role is considered and different companies are discussed when considering their potential future. The bibliography cites 15 sources.
Filename: TEtrauni.wps

The Human Brain / Are We Unique?
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A 12 page research paper that looks at rather or not the human brain is a unique phenomenon. The writer surveys current studies in this topic and concludes that despite studies such as the ones that show chimps and apes as capable of learning sign language that the human brain is unique due to humanity's ability to organize complex thought and speech. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Brainhum.wps

The Idea of Government: The Comparable Views of Locke and Kant
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A 5 page discussion of the similarities between John Locke's philosophy of government and that of Immanuel Kant. Notes that each had very definitive ideas of individual rights and the relation of those rights to law and government. Contends that in practically every respect John Locke's idea of government can be demonstrated to be fully compatible with Immanuel Kant's thesis in "Idea for a Universal History". No sources are listed.
Filename: PPlckKnt.wps

The Identity Theory: Contributions of J.J.C. Smart
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A 5 page overview of the theory regarding the interaction and connectiveness of the brain and mind. First dubbed the identity theory by U.T. Place and Herbert Feigl in the 1950s, this theory was complemented by the philosophies of J.J.C. Smart who contended that the separation of brain and mind were insignificant in terms of the states and processes which they experienced. Provides physiological facts to back up the concept of a brain which is integrally joined with the mind in a process which some chose to describe as the brain emitting thought asthe liver emits bile. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPidThry.wps

The Impact of Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations"
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This 5 page paper looks at the influence Wittgenstein's philosophy has had on the modern world. Concentrating on the use and interpretation of language the paper considers they way in which our understanding of language has changed, and how this has influenced society as a whole as well as the caring professions. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEwittgn.wps

The Influence of John Locke on Modern British Politics
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This 20 page paper considers the influence of John Locke on British politics. The paper begins with a brief biography in order to ascertain his opportunity to influence society of the time. The writer then considers the general influence of his ideas such as the social contract within modern British politics. The final part of the paper then examines the ideas of Locke in terms of the current situation of asylum seekers. The bibliography cites 17 sources.
Filename: TElockpo.wps

The Inherent State of the State of Human Nature - Aristotle's Argument vs. Hobbes' Humanistic View
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A 5 page paper that argues the fact that Aristotle's ancient view of the inherent state of human nature, a state which posits that man is born into a natural state of civilization that nurtures the cause of the common good, is a more fitting assumption of man's nature as it was intended than is the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, which posits that man is born an inherently selfish and warring creature. Discussed are reasons why Aristotle's philosophy should be viewed as a philosophy of hope for the twenty-first century while Hobbes' philosophy basically presents a philosophy of destruction. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: LCstate.doc

The Innate quality of Being Human (as per Hobbes and Kropotkin)
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(5 pp)One of the main questions, of philosophy is what makes up the nature of the human being. What is the premise upon which this creature operates, that makes it different from all others?" Another phrasing of that question is, what is innate human nature? We will be asked to answer this discussion in the light of the theories of Hobbs and Kropotkin. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBbhbkrop.doc

The Law Of Non-Contradiction and St Anselm
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This 5 page paper look at the way in which the proofs of God can be seen as dealing with the laws of non contradiction in the way it is stated that the concept of God is the proof of his existence. The paper uses the two proofs of Anselm as well as looking at criticism of these proofs. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEanselm.wps

The Legitimate Authority of Government
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This 5 page paper supports Locke's view of man and authority and suggests that Hobbes's ideas are a bit outdated. Hobbes's Leviathan and Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government are each explored and quotes are provided. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA129gov.rtf

The Meaning of Life and Personal Moral Values
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This 9 page report discusses the meaning of life as one individual may choose to define it. Relying on the assertions made in Plato’s “Apology” and “Meno,” a review of Marcus Aurelius’s “The Meditations,” Garrett Thomson’s perspectives associated with human freedom in “On Descartes” and Josef Pieper’s assertions in “The Silence of St. Thomas” are used to form the framework of what the writer defines as his or her own perspectives related to the meaning of their own life. No additional sources.
Filename: BWlifevl.wps

The Nature of Totalitarianism in Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon and Fritz Lang's Metropolis
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the nature of totalitarianism as it can be applied to an understanding of Koestler's Darkness at Noon and Fritz Lang's movie Metropolis. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHKoestl.wps

The Need for Change
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A 5 page paper which discusses how implementing positive change, in many areas, is essential to human development. Without change we, as humans do not grow. No sources cited.
Filename: RAchange.wps

The Notion of Perfection
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of the notion of perfection as it is outlined in J. W. N. Sullivan's book Beethoven, His Spiritual Development and Iris Murdoch's The Sovereignty of Good. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHperfec.wps

The Philosophical Debate Between Realism And Nominalism: How They Relate To Species, Genes, And Niches
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12 pages in length. Ever since the tenets of philosophy came into existence, there has been an ongoing debate between the concepts of realism and nominalism. When one considers these two divergent viewpoints, one is quick to discern their repelling structure, inasmuch as no individual can allege to support both doctrines; clearly, one is either a realist or a nominalist – neither the two shall meet. The writer discusses the properties of nominalism and realism, as well as employs example work from Roger Sperry, George Herbert Mead, and George Berkeley in order to demonstrate the relationship of realism and nominalism to species, genes and niches. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: TLCnomin.wps

The Philosophy of John Locke and the American System of Government
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This 7 page report discusses the influences of John Locke’s philosophy on the formation of the American system of government. Four specific areas are addressed in the paper: Separation of church and state; the Second Treatise and the U.S. Constitution; man in the state of nature; and, the power of individual state constitutions and legislative excess. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWconloc.wps

The Philosophy of Kant and Contemporary Education
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(5 pp) Educators confront philosophical issues on a daily basis. Yet in the hustle and bustle of everyday classroom experiences, there are times when basic philosophy, even of the greats such as Immanuel Kant seem to elude us. It is important to take time and review our philosophical origins. We will examine critical philosophy which focuses on criteria supporting educational judgment. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BBkanted.doc

The Philosophy of Knowledge
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This 6 page paper delves into theories of knowledge by many philosophers including Descartes, Spinoza, Hume and Kant. Many theories are discussed. An outline is included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: SA112Ph.wps

The Politics of Rousseau and Burke.
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(7pp) Rousseau developed the concept of the "noble savage," and to test it, tried living in the woods. Burke believed equality was a conception against nature and served in the English Parliament. One could claim they were both living out their political convictions, yet actually there is a lot more to their concepts and political consequences. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBrobrkR.doc

The Price of Modern Society
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This 10 page paper considers the views of modern philosophers such as Marx, Durkheim and Weber that supports the idea that every benefit in society also has a cost. The paper looks at the believes of these different philosophers and then applies them to the modern world and evaluates the ways in which they are evidencing this idea of cost. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
Filename: TEsocpri.wps

The Propositions Of Saul Kripke
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Within the field of philosophy there is a secondary domain that aligns itself with semantics as a way of examining and understanding the world. Semantics is generally thought to belong to the same basic genre as symbolic logic. This 5 page paper explores the relationships between necessary truth, contingent truth, 'a priori' knowledge and 'a posteriori' knowledge. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: KTkripke.wps

The Relationship Between Art & Politics: Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin.
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(5 pp). When asked in an interview (Kreisler 2000), what is important about politics, John Tussman said that, "politics is the art of providing for the general welfare; and in principle is not competitive." However the "reality of what is happening now", according to Tussman is that politics is about "advantage and power." Although each person, political or not, has their own sense of reality, it is connection between art and politics that we will be examining in this discussion of two twentieth century philosophers. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: BBheiben.doc

The Right to Property Ownership
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This 7 page paper considers the views of Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau on the rights to property ownership, comparing them and considering their implications with the writer concluding with a view of which of the three they view as the most accurate. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEpropty.wps

The Role Of Fallacies In Logical Reasoning
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This 12 page philosophical paper defines and examines fallacies in the context of logical reasoning. Specific examples of fallacies will be discussed as well as the role that logic plays in philosophical argument which mislead to the conclusion that fallacies are fact. The paper is organized in an outline format and the bibliography lists 5+ sources.
Filename: Fallacy.wps

The Role of Sympathy in David Hume’s “Why Utility Pleases”
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This 3 page report discusses 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume and his ideas relating to “why utility pleases.” The foundation of David Hume’s thinking and philosophy regarding morality is the concept of sympathy, which (the modern reader must understand) determines what serves as the basis of interaction between people and the wellspring of human happiness. Utilitarianism is the doctrine that what is useful is good, and consequently, that the ethical value of conduct is determined by the utility of its results. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: BWhumsym.wps

The Search for a Just Society is Elusive
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A 6 page paper which discusses philosophers' notions concerning the search for a just society, arguing that these philosophers present such a just society as elusive. The position of Plato, as presented in "The Republic," is the main focus. The paper then presents an examination of how Rousseau, in "The Social Contract," and Mill, in "On Liberty," would address the notions of Plato. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAjustsc.wps

The Second Way of St. Thomas Aquinas -- An Argument on “in fieri” and “in esse”
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This 3 page report discusses St. Thomas Aquinas and his interpretation regarding the second way. Most of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas emphasizes order. All of the universe reveals itself to humanity with a singular and extraordinary order. It consists of an indefinitely great number of substances, each one related to the others in a numerous ways: celestial, secular and temporal. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWaquina.wps

The Significance of Asher Lev's Journey
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This 6 page paper examines James Hillman's ideology through the use of Chaim Potok's character Asher Lev. Asher is seen as an example of what Hillman has been talking about regarding parental fallacy. Childrearing issues and religion are discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA116Lev.wps

The Significance of Literature in the Study of Philosophy
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This 5 page paper considers the significance of literature in the study of philosophy and considers the importance of both factual (autobiographical) instead of fictional works. This paper considers the philosophical issue of ethics and considers the implications of literature in defining how we should live. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: MHliter3.wps

The So-Called Problem With Other Minds
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7 pages in length. The other mind concept has long intrigued philosophers and scientists alike, inasmuch as it is an illusive notion. Indeed, to consider that there are other minds besides one's own is a theory that not only requires abstract thought, but it also demands that individuals look beyond their own myopic existence. The writer discusses the other mind theory as it relates to John Stuart Mill, Norman Malcolm and René Descartes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCother.wps

The Social Contract
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This 6 page paper explores the social contract according to Locke and Hobbes and critically evaluates the concept. Numerous examples are provided. Hobbes's Leviathan and Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government are explored and quotes provided. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA046SCT.wps

The Social Contract of Seventeenth Century Political Theory
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A 5 page paper that examines the political theories originating in England in the seventeenth century, focusing on the "social contract" as interpreted by both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Included is a brief historical account of the political and social changes that swept the country of England during this period in history. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: LC17cent.doc

The Theories of Simone De Beauvoir
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of this feminist philosopher's work and ideas. There is an attention to ethics and morality and how it is important in daily life. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA018Sim.wps

The Triumph of Science in the Nineteenth Century
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This 5 page paper looks at the development of science and philosophy during the nineteenth century. The thesis of the paper is that philosophy and science would converge in the latter part of the nineteenth century to demonstrate that the two are inextricable. Marx and Darwin are discussed in depth. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA04519.wps

The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist
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A five page paper which looks at the ways in which Nietzsche criticises Socratic and Platonic schools of thought in The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist, and analyses Nietzsche’s concept of the will to power and the autonomy of the individual in contrast to the constraints laid down by codified religious systems of belief. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: JLnietzsche.wps

The Works of Robert C. Solomon
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8 pages. Robert C. Solomon, author of more than twenty books, is professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin. His works range from business ethics to philosophy, but it is easy to see that philosophy is the true heart of the man. In reviewing his writings and critical reviews of his works, the reader can find that the man, Robert C. Solomon, is himself a philosopher of the written word. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGArcsol.wps

The “Poetry” of Freud and Nietzsche
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This 6 page report discusses Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche and refers to how each used vast amounts of poetic imagery, analogies, and metaphor in their writing. Each captured the essence of what they had to say in a poetic framework that carried a certain amount of lyricism although both are likely to have denied such a thing. Nietzsche’s “Birth of Tragedy” (1872) was (and is) an example of classical intellectualism while Freud’s “Civilizations and its Discontents” (1930) presented the world with the idea that humanity and the collective thinking of human beings is of far greater impact than the behavior of human beings as separate individuals. Both works serve to illustrate that Freud and Nietzsche were examples of para-rational poets. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWfrenit.wps

The “Social Contract” in the View of Locke and Rousseau
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This 5 page report discusses the meaning of the “social contract” in terms of the thinking of John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Each had very definite views on what he perceived to be the true “social contract” among human beings. This paper very briefly outlines each. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWlocro.wps

Theories of Sartre and of Hobbes
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Approximately 9 pages worth of short essays on Hobbes and Sartre including theoretical examples of how they would most likely contradict one another on various issues. No Bibliography.
Filename: Hobbsart.wps

There Is No Such Thing As Society
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7 pages in length. Merriam-Webster defines society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. In light of such a description, one might readily argue the fact that contemporary society does not exist. Clearly, mankind has reached an apex of incompatibility, inasmuch as racial, political, economic and social intolerance is at an all-time high. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCnosoc.wps

Thomas Hobbes & The Expression Of Human Experience
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A 5 page paper on the views and Philosophies of Thomas Hobbes. The writer provides a brief history on Hobbes' life, but mainly talkes about his political and social beleifs. Bibliography included.
Filename: Hob.wps

Thomas Malthus: Economic Philosophy
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9 pages in length. The writer discusses how Thomas Malthus challenged economic theories with his classicist philosophies, serving to shed light on the differences that exist between his personal ideology and that of Marxist and Keynesian conjecture. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCmalth.wps

Thomas Nagel and the Absurdity of Life
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This 6 page report discusses Thomas Nagel and his relatively simple premises about life and his understanding of life. Nagel believes that it is not death that makes life absurd but that life is, nonetheless, absurd. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWnagel.wps

Thomas Nagel on Hume
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This 5 page paper considers the arguments of Thomas Nagel regarding the views of David Hume, and assesses how convincing Nagel's suggestion is that a Humean is generally committed to calling certain prudential acts irrational. This paper integrates some of the central arguments of both Nagel and Hume in developing this a perspective on Nagel's assertion. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHNagelh.wps

Three Philosophical Questions
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This 7 page paper answers three questions in philosophy. Plato's concept of forms, Kant's theories of knowledge and the design theory are each explored. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA110Phl.wps

Tocqueville, Emerson and Bellah On Individualism
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5 pages in length. Americans have long admired the spirit of individualism, which the resources of this nation have supported. There was a seemingly inexhaustible supply of land and wilderness to support a lifestyle apart from the conformity of established communities. But at the end of the twentieth century land is not endless and a relationship with society is inescapable. Balancing individual rights against the concerns and needs of the community is illustrated in such controversies as random road blocks to test for drunk drivers, limitations in speech when it comes to pornography, curfews for teenagers, and rationing of health care. Although this issue has immediacy, the tension between the individual and the community has long been recognized. Alexis de Tocqueville analyzed the pitfalls of individualism when he wrote "Democracy in America," while Ralph Waldo Emerson, in "Self-Reliance," praised the diversity, nonconformity, and individualism of Americans. Robert Bellah addressed religious individualism in his book entitled "Habits of the Heart." Is there such a thing as too much individualism? Does a community have rights? Do the rights of the individual outweigh those of the community? Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TLCtoque.wps

Tocqueville, Marx And Pieper: The Nature Of Work
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5 pages in length. The nature of work has long been for one to provide physical or mental labor in exchange for monetary payment; this notion of giving and taking allows for the laborer to provide basic necessities for himself and his family. Underlying this seemingly workable situation, however, is what theorists have long charged as being both inequitable and biased in a number of ways toward the working population. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCNatWk.wps

Today's Need for Ethics Education
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An 8 page paper arguing in favor of providing ethics training in business. Modern business and nineteenth-century philosophy would seem on the surface to have little in common, but the increasing complexities of business in the face of technological advance and globalization provide clear indication that they need to be considered together and as a whole. Increasing competition in business has resulted in the situation that there is little margin for error in corporate decision making; decisions at all levels need to be made quickly and they need to be ethically based. Training those currently in business by means of ethics seminars is an effective way to introduce the old philosophers to today's managers. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSethicsBus.wps

Truth Is The Strongest Argument
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A 5 page paper. Sophocles made this statement. This essay discusses why this statement is true. The writer states that truth is a complex concept that takes different forms. Different philosophers are quoted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGtruth.wps

Types of War & The Future
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A 3 page essay on the three types of war: great power, regional, and internal—and the cultural animosities and technologies behind them. The writer supports the argument that the most likely type of war in the future will be internal conflicts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: 3typewar.doc

Understanding The Nature Of Reality
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6 pages in length. Much of Western social theory – and even some of Western civilization – has involved efforts to improve the self, with much of the focus revolving around improving the material conditions of the self (food, shelter, work life, and so on). Sometimes, however, the focus has been upon improving the individual's consciousness, reflecting the individual's understanding of the nature of reality and of how to act effectively in that reality. In order to develop the best set of general guidelines for understanding and acting effectively within the confines of reality, one must first demarcate and prioritize one's thoughts and activities as they relate to both self and society; upon successfully establishing this separation, one must then be able to realize which elements are beneficial for one's existence within reality and which ones are detrimental. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCnatre.wps

Utilitarianism
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This 5 page paper defines the concept and differentiates between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. Many examples are provided. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA 108Utl.wps

Utilitarianism And Moral Reasoning
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An 8 page paper. The essay addresses this question: Is a utilitarian approach to moral reasoning adequate? The writer discusses utilitarianism in terms of act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism and argues that neither of these is adequate in and of themselves for moral reasoning. John Stuart Mill and Emmett Barcalow are used as primary resources. Kant is also included to make a point. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PGutil3.wps

Utilitarianism and the Distinction Between Persons
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This 5 page report discusses the ideas of 19th century philosopher, John Stuart Mill, who was certain that the highest normative principle is that, “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” This is his fundamental principle of utility. However, it does not address the issue that there is a very real distinction between people and that one’s happiness is not more valid than that of another. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWutipeo.wps

Vice & Virtue: Aristotle's Understanding
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3 pages in length. As a civilized being, man strives to maintain a virtuous example by way of thought and action. There are times, however, when vice distracts these efforts and renders man vulnerable to a less ethical existence. When one is virtuous, he abides by morally upstanding principles to help guide him through life; when one is consumed by vice, he has lost control of the very foundation of his moral existence. Aristotle spoke much on the subject of vice and virtue, contending that ethical virtuosity is something that must derive from everyone, not merely a portion of the population. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCvice.wps

Vice And Virtue: Manmade Social Elements?
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5 pages in length. Would the concepts of vice and virtue exist without moral agents to have an idea of them? Clearly, if humanity did not exist there would be no need for elements such as vice and virtue, inasmuch as there would be no cause for the concepts of good and bad. As a civilized being, man strives to maintain a virtuous example by way of thought and action. There are times, however, when vice distracts these efforts and renders man vulnerable to a less ethical existence. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCvirtu.wps

Vice—Multiple Views
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A 7 page research paper and analysis that offers a brief survey of various philosophical views on the topic vice. Authors included include, Plutarch, St. Augustine, Abelard, Johnson, and Butler. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khvice.wps

Views on Education
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This 3 page report discusses the views of education as related to six of the great thinkers of the Western world Hume, Rousseau, Kant, Jefferson, Mills, and Dewey. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWhuroed.wps

Virtue? Vice? Modern Questions
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Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are alive and well in modern day North America. This 5 page paper presents a philosophical dialogue on vice and virtue as it applies to everyday life. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KTunwedd.wps

Virtues and Moral Defects
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts moral virtues with moral defects. Definitions are explored. Hume's ideas as well as precepts from various religions are discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA141mor.rtf

What is a human being?
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This 5 page paper delves into the philosophical question and addresses aspects of being human. The paper takes the position that being fully human should be a goal of every human being. The question which asks whether or not we are alone in the universe is posed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA6Human.wps

What is Analogical Reasoning
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5 pages. In analogical problem solving, what one does is try to solve a new problem by referring to a different one, one in which the solution is already known. The following question arises: What criteria are used to select possible analogies? This is the focus of this paper. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: JGAanlgl.wps

What is Justice?
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This 5 page paper explores various definitions of justice, but defends Thrasymachus's theory that justice is to the advantage of the stronger . Many other theorists, such as John Stuart Mill, are included in the discussion. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA012Jus.wps

What is Morality?
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This 5 page paper explores just what morality is and is not by looking at concepts such as utilitarianism and emotivism, among others. Several philosophers are included such as Nietzsche, Bentham and Ayer. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA020mor.wps

What is Philosophy?
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A 10 page paper which attempts to determine what philosophy is, based primarily upon Louis P. Pojman's text, "Philosophy: The Quest For Truth." A specific definition of philosophy is provided, and such concepts as the philosophy of religion, teleological arguments, epistemology, empiricism, philosophy of the mind (mind/body problem), dualistic interactionism, and moral ethics are also considered, with pro and con arguments presented by such philosophers as David Hume, Rene Descartes, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TGphilos.wps

What Is The Right Thing To Do?
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7 pages in length. It has been said that the inherent clash between what one wants and what one actually needs derives from the product of our own imperfect understanding of nature, of our ignorance of how to harmonize our activities with the world's script. It is by way of recognition toward such shortcomings that humanity can overcome this profound error, diligently working toward a rectification of virtue and happiness. "Twenty Questions: An Introduction To Philosophy" by Bowie et al clearly illustrates how the basics of philosophy can readily be applied to everyday life, but it also makes the reader determine just what type of human being he or she is by evaluating issues of morality as found in chapter 15. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: TLCthing.wps

What Makes a Hero?
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A 5 page paper which discusses what makes a hero. Specific individuals, such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks are discussed in terms of their heroic nature. No sources cited.
Filename: RAheroes.wps

What to do With America's Poor
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This 5 page paper looks at ethical viewpoints from Kant to utilitarianism and applies these to life in America today. What America should do with its poor is discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA048por.wps

William James and Charles Pierce: Comparison and Contrast
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A 5 page paper which compares and contrasts the phenomenologies of William James and Charles Peirce. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: RAjmsprc.wps

William James: His Approach to Human Nature
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6 pages. William James, (1842-1910), an American psychologist and philosopher, is most well known for his work with Harvard University. It was there that he graduated in medicine. He later taught physiology, philosophy and psychology. William James was at times misunderstood in his philosophies about human nature and truth in general, especially within the subject of religion. Bibliography list 4 sources.
Filename: JGAwmjms.wps

Williams James / Philosophical Contributions
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An 11 page paper on William James, the American philosopher-- his life & works. The writer explores philosophies presentedi n several of James' works including : "Will to Believe and "Varieties of Religious Experience." Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Willjame.wps

“Applying Kant’s Universal Moral Principles To Everyday Life”
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A five page paper which looks at Kant’s philosophy of universal morality, the ways in which it can be applied to everyday life, and the necessity for distinguishing between conditional and unconditional imperatives in one’s own behaviour and actions. Bibliography lists 1 source
Filename: JLkant.wps

“Common Sense” and “Empiricism”
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This 5 page report discusses the ideas of “empiricism” as compared to what is thought to be “common sense.” The report examines the ideas of David Hume and George Berekley as related to the concepts. “Common sense” should be thought of as the reality which allows any individual to make the best possible deicisons in light of his or her personal circumstances. Empiricism serves to illustrate the reasons and life lessons upon which those decisions may be determined. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWcomemp.wps

“Descartes’ Second Meditation”
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A five page paper which comments on the second Meditation of Descartes and analyses the way in which he assesses the concept of truth in relation to the interpretation of sensory data, intuition, the origins of thought and awareness and the distinction between innate truth and the deception of sensory impressions. Bibliography lists 1 source
Filename: JL2desc.wps

“Existentialism in Cameron’s Titanic”
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A five page paper which considers John-Paul Sartre’s philosophy of existentialism as applied to the character of Jack in the film Titanic. The paper gives an overview of the existentialist definitions of anguish, abandonment and despair and looks at the ways in which they can be applied to Jack’s interaction with Rose, and his motivations in ensuring her survival. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLsartretitanic.wps

“Kant and sexual behaviour”
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A paper which looks at the way in which the Kantian concept of the moral imperative can be applied to sexuality, and the position which sexual behaviour has within the greater structure of social behaviour as a whole. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLkantsex.wps

“Kant, JS Mill, and homosexuality
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A paper which considers the way in which homosexuality within a primarily heterosexual and patriarchal society can be assessed in terms of the respective philosophies of Kant and Mill, and how homosexuality affects not only individual behaviours but also the structure of the community’s ethical values as a whole. Bibliography lists 4 sources
Filename: JLkanthomosexuality.wps

“Kant’s Refutation of Leibniz and Locke”
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A paper which looks at Kant’s refutation of the theories of Leibniz and Locke in the Amphiboly of the Concepts of Reflection, and how he demonstrates that both philosophies are flawed in that they do not allow for the juxtaposition of conceptual understanding and sensibility which are required for objects to be experienced fully.
Filename: JLkantleibniz.wps

“Kierkegaard and Ibsen”
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A paper which looks at some of the theories of Soren Kierkegaard, with reference to the autonomy of the individual, the position of women in society and the relationship between passion and paradox, and considers how these ideas are expressed in the works of Henrik Ibsen, particularly A Doll’s House and Hedda Gabler.
Filename: JLKierkibsen.wps

“Pornography, drug abuse and the legal age limit for drinking alcohol as seen from the perspective of JS Mill”
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A five page paper which looks at three examples of social behaviour from the viewpoint of JS Mill’s principles of utilitarianism, and considers whether they would be considered by Mill as appropriate areas in which the government should intervene. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: JLmilldrugs.wps

“The concept of individuality according to Oscar Wilde and J.S. Mill”
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A paper which looks at the way in which John Stuart Mill and Oscar Wilde perceive the concept of individuality, the importance of personal development both to the individual and to society as a whole, and the way in which specific political systems may facilitate such development.
Filename: JLmillwilde.wps

“The Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas”
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A seven page paper which looks at the philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas in relation to that of the ancient Greeks, other medieval thinkers and the followers of Eastern philosophies, and considers how far his viewpoint is derived from medieval Catholic doctrine. Bibliography lists 7 sources
Filename: JLaquinas.wps

“Utilitarianism and Organ Donation”
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A five page paper which considers organ donation and transplantation from a utilitarian perspective, and looks at whether the enforcement of donation does in fact serve the greater good of the community as a whole from a long-term viewpoint. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: JLtransplants.wps

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